Engelska - grammatik (VT23) (Rn14ADM)

Grammatik är reglerna vi behöver för att använda orden (språkets byggstenar) på ett korrekt sätt när vi skriver och pratar. Vi behöver kunskaper i grammatik för att förstå mer om hur språk är uppbyggda. När vi vill förbättra vårt eget språk och prata med andra om språket på ett specifikt sätt behövs också grammatikkunskaper.

Undervisning

I helklass ska vi ha genomgångar om hur grammatiken fungerar och vilka regler eleverna bör känna till. Eleverna ska göra övningar med olika grammatiska svårigheter. Eleverna jobbar individuellt eller tillsammans med andra, med olika övningar. Varje lektion hanterar en eller flera ordklasser och har tillhörande inlämningsuppgift kopplad till sig. Dessa inlämningsuppgifter bedöms ej, endast provet i slutet av terminen bedöms i detta moment. Resultatet från grammatikprovet ligger som underlag för terminsbetyget.

Syfte/mål

Genom detta ämnesområde ska du lära dig;

• Kunna identifiera vilka ord som hör till vilken ordklass (verb, substantiv, pronomen, adjektiv, adverb, konjunktioner, prepositioner, räkneord och interjektioner) samt berätta grundfunktioner och användning av dessa ordklasser.
• Regler kring substantiv i singular och plural form samt ägandeform samt räknebara/oräknebara substantiv.
• Tidsformer (tempus) rörande verb.
• De beskrivande ordklasserna adjektiv och adverb och dess funktion.
• Förstå konjunktionernas funktion i meningsuppbyggnad.

Bedömning

Elevernas grammatiska kunskaper testas genom skriftligt prov (prov flyttat till höstterminen pga. tidsbrist). 

Material

I de uppgifter som delas ut här så kommer det finnas tydliga anvisningar kring hur uppgifterna ska lösas och med vilket material eleverna kommer arbeta med. Ni BÖR anteckna (anteckningar på din iPad eller på block) varje lektion för att underlätta instuderingen av frågorna till provet.

 

Tidsplan

 

Återstår till hösten: 

14A: Conjunctions, Interjections, Pronouns, Prov.

14D: Conjunctions, Interjections, Prov

14M: Conjunctions, Interjections, Pronouns, Prov.

 

 

Uppgifter

Allt plugg-material till provet

Här hittar ni allt material till alla ORDKLASSER ni har jobbat med.

English grammar ALL FROM UNIKUM.docx

Övningsprov

Detta är ett övningsprov som ni kan använda när ni pluggar inför provet.

(OBS detta är inte en inlämningsuppgift)

Övningsprov Grammatik.pdf

PROV engelska grammatik (Ska-kunna-papper)

I bifogad PDF finns info om allt som ni bör ha koll på inför provet!

(OBS detta är inte en inlämningsuppgift)

Ska kunna papper engelska gramatik.pdf

Plugg övning inför provet

Inför provet så kan det komma denna typ av frågor (nedan). Under denna lektion så ska du svara på frågorna på ett enkelt sätt (på svenska eller engelska) som om du förklarar för en vän som ska lära sig grammatik.

Gå tillbaka till tidigare uppgifter som du arbetat med under grammatik-momentet och fundera på hur du på bästa sätt kan svara på frågorna nedan.

Lycka till, Patrik!

1. Sammanfatta/berätta vad ett SUBSTANTIV är.
2. Sammanfatta/berätta vad ett VERB är. Ge exempel på hur verb förändras i olika tidsformer (tempus).
3. Sammanfatta/berätta vad ett ADJEKTIV är. Ge exempel.
4. Sammanfatta/berätta vad en ARTIKEL är. Skriv tre meningar där du du använder 3 olika artiklar.
5. Sammanfatta/berätta vad ett ADVERB är.
6. Sammanfatta/berätta vad ett PRONOMEN är.
7. Sammanfatta/berätta vad en PREPOSITION är. Skriv tre meningar (på engelska) med tre olika prepositioner.

Nouns (singular/plural)

NOUNS = SUBSTANTIV (svenska)

Part 1:

Concrete Nouns – Places, things, people (nouns you can experience with your senses)

Abstract Nouns – Ideas, concepts, emotions

Common Nouns – a woman, a city, a river

Proper Nouns – Fanny, London, The Thames

--> Practice sentence. Find the NOUNS in this text. Are the NOUNS concrete or abstract?

“In my class at Oxford University, I have many friends. My best friend is Jan. I have a lot of love for her. Jan has a cute dog. Its name is Juju.”

https://www.grammarbank.com/abstract-concrete-noun-exercise.html

https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/advancedenglish/abstract-nouns-concrete-nouns1.html

Part 2: Singular and Plural Nouns (regular)

Singular = 1 (one). School, cat, team, lady, monkey, tomato, piano

Plural = 2- (more than one). Schools, cats, teams, ladies, monkeys, tomatoes, pianos.

Rule: Plural ends with -s or -es.

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/singular_plural.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/singular_plural3.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/plural.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/plural2.htm

Part 3: Singular and Plural Nouns (irregular)

Singular (-f, -fe) Plural (-ves)

knife = knives

life = lives

wife = wives

calf = calves

leaf = leaves

Singular (-o) Plural (-oes)

potato = potatoes

tomato = tomatoes

hero = heroes

torpedo = torpedoes

veto = vetoes

Singular Plural (vowel change)

foot = feet

tooth = teeth

goose = geese

man = men

woman = women

Irregular nouns that change substantially

For a variety of historical reasons, some words change in spelling substantially when made plural.

Singular Plural

louse = lice

mouse = mice

die = dice

ox = oxen

child = children

penny = pence (in British usage)

Irregular nouns that do not change at all when made plural

Some English nouns are identical in both the singular and the plural forms. Many of these are names for animals.

Singular/ Plural (no change)

sheep = sheep

fish = fish

moose = moose

swine = swine

buffalo = buffalo

shrimp = shrimp

trout = trout

Singular (-us) Plural (-i)

focus foci (also focuses)

radius radii (also radiuses)

fungus fungi

nucleus nuclei

cactus cacti

alumnus alumni*

octopus octopuses (or octopi)

Singular (-is) Plural (-es)

axis axes (this is also the plural of ax and axe)

analysis analyses

crisis crises

thesis theses

Singular (-on) Plural (-a)

phenomenon phenomena

criterion criteria

Singular (-um) Plural (-a)

datum data

memorandum memoranda

bacterium bacteria

stratum strata

curriculum curricula (also curriculums)

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/plural3.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/plural4.htm

Possesive nouns

Possessive Nouns – GENITIV (ägande)

Del 1: Teori-genomgång:

Öppna den bifogade filen POSSESSIVE NOUNS.

Possessive Nouns.pptx

(Om du är hemma denna lektion, läs igenom filen och fortsätt sedan med nedan uppgift).

Del 2: Översätt till svenska

Kopiera följande text nedan in i inlämningsrutan. Fyll i dina svar (översättningar). Se till att sätta ut apostrofen på rätt ställe!

The man put my parent’s luggage in his car.

Svenska:

The staff’s uniforms were blue and gold.

Svenska:

The child’s mother sat next to an empty seat.

Svenska:

The captain’s voice came over the loudspeaker.

Svenska:

The driver’s instructions were hard to understand.

Svenska:

Del 3: Översätt till engelska

Översätt följande meningar till engelska. Glöm inte apostrofen!

1. Kvinnorna värmde bäbisarnas flaska.
2. Personalens arbete var svårt.
3. Tränaren startade pojkarnas lopp.
4. Emil lånade Wendelas linjal.
5. Vetenskapsmännen träffades i går.
6. Julias häst är liten.
7. Petters bok finns på biblioteket.
8. Kattens boll var borta.
9. Katternas leksak är ny.
10. Flickans dator är dyr.
11. Flickornas flaskor var tomma.
12. Mannens rock är grå.
13. Männens plånböcker var tjocka.
14. Hästens stall är nytt.
15. Hästarnas hö är vått.
16. Skolans lärare är modern.
17. Lagets spelare är skickliga.
18. Bokens författare är engelsk.
19. Böckernas författare är europeiska.

Del 4: Öva

• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/apostrophe_s3.htm
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/apostrophe_s4.htm
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/apostrophe_s.htm
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/apostrophe_s2.htm
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/s_of.htm

Nouns (countable/uncountable)

Countable nouns (räknebara substantiv, en/ett eller flera)

Some nouns refer to things which, in English, are treated as separate items which can be counted. These are called countable nouns. Here are some examples:

• a car, three cars
• my cousin, my two cousins
• a book, a box full of books
• a city, several big cities

Singular and plural

Countable nouns can be singular or plural.

They can be used with a/an and with numbers and many other determiners (e.g. these, a few):

• She’s got two sisters and a younger brother.
• Most people buy things like cameras and MP3-players online these days.
• These shoes look old now.
• I’ll take a few magazines with me for the flight.

Uncountable nouns (oräknebara substantiv)

In English grammar, some things are seen as a whole or mass. These are called uncountable nouns, because they cannot be separated or counted.

Some examples of uncountable nouns are:

Ideas and experiences: advice, information, progress, news, luck, fun, work

Materials and substances: water, rice, cement, gold, milk

Weather words: weather, thunder, lightning, rain, snow

Names for groups or collections of things: furniture, equipment, rubbish, luggage

Other common uncountable nouns include: accommodation, baggage, homework, knowledge, money, permission, research, traffic, travel.

These nouns are not used with a/an or numbers and are not used in the plural!

• We’re going to get new furniture for the living room.
• We had terrible weather last week.
• We need rice next time we go shopping.

Some nouns always have plural form but they are uncountable because we cannot use numbers with them.

• I bought two pairs of trousers.

Other nouns of this type are: shorts, pants, pyjamas, glasses (for the eyes), binoculars, scissors.

These are uncountable (they don't change form in plural, stays the same as in singular)

advice, information, progress, news, luck, fun, work, water, rice, cement, gold, milk

weather, thunder, lightning, rain, snow, furniture, equipment, rubbish, luggage

accommodation, baggage, homework, knowledge, money, permission, research,

traffic, travel.

MUCH OR MANY?

The words much and many mean = a lot of.

If a noun is in singular, we use much

Example: much money

If a noun is in plural, we use many

Example: many friends

A, AN, SOME, ANY?

A is used with singular countable nouns that begin with a consonant.

An is used with singular countable nouns that begin with a vowel.

Some can be used with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Some is usually used in positive statements.

Any is usually used for plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns in questions and negative statements.

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

1. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/countable-uncountable/many-much-3
2. https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Countable_and_uncountable_nouns/Countable_-_Uncountable_gq3069279xj
3. https://learningapps.org/59623
4. https://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/Muchbuild3-1.htm
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/uncountable_nouns.htm

Articles

Articles (artiklar)

In english we use A, AN or THE as articles before nouns (på liknande sätt vi använder en/ett före substantiv på svenska).

• A car
• An apple
• The United States

Vowels (vokaler) and Consonants (konsonanter)

Vowels in English = A E I O U (sometimes Y).

Consonants = the rest of the alphabet.

Categories of the vowel sounds:

• Long vowels (vowels that sound like the letter name)
• Short vowels (the most common sound for a single vowel spelling)

A or AN (before a Noun)

We use A or AN with singular nouns.

A is used when a noun starts with a consonant sound = dog, book, car

AN is used when a noun starts with a vowel sound = apple, elephant, hour

THE (before a Noun)

We use THE before a noun that is specific = The ball (bollen), the house (huset).

Prononciation of the article THE;

[ðə] (svenskt ljud "döh")

the following word starts with a spoken consonant

• the girl
• the book
• the school

[ði:] (svenskt ljud "dih")

the following word starts with a spoken vowel

• the English girl
• the orange book
• the old school

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

1. https://www.englishcurrent.com/exercises/study-articles-exercises-online/
2. https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/grammar-exercise-articles-2.php
3. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/articles-a-an
4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/a-an/index
5. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/articles/a-an
6. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/articles-write-a-an
7. https://www.english-room.com/grammar/aan_2.htm
8. https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/articles/art013-articles.htm

Bonusövningar om du har tid:

• https://www.englishpage.com/articles/articles_6.htm
• https://www.englishpage.com/articles/articles_7.htm
• https://www.englishpage.com/articles/articles_9.htm
• https://www.englishpage.com/articles/articles_11.htm

Adjectives

Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe nouns, e.g. people, animals and events.

• a clever girl, a black cat, a funny dream

Word order and function

Adjectives can be placed before a noun or after a verb, depending on its function in the sentence. As a consequence, the word order changes.

When an adjective is used together with a noun, it is said to have an attributive function. When it is used together with a verb, it is said to have a predicative function.

• Attributive function = the adjective is placed before the noun:

a fast car, a clever person, a nice warm jacket

• Predicative function = the adjective is placed after the verb:

The car is red. He became rich. The soup tastes delicious.

Forms of comparison

If you want to compare people, things or events, you use the comparative forms of the adjective. There are three forms of comparison:

• the basic form: small, nice

• the comparative form: smaller, nicer

• the superlative form: smallest, nicest

When you compare, there are two possibilities depending on the basic form of the adjective: with -er / -est or with more /most.

Nationality words always begin with a capital letter in English.

• a German car (en tysk bil)
• an American basketball player (en amerikansk basketbollspelare)
• English humour (engelsk humor)

BASIC - COMPARATIVE - SUPERLATIVE

Adjectives have different forms only when they are compared.

1. angry – angrier – the angriest

• He was angrier yesterday than he was last week.
• He is the angriest man I have ever seen met!

2. bad – worse – the worst (irregular)

• I think the weather’s worse than last winter as it’s rained nearly every day!
• This is the worst weather in December since records began!

3. big – bigger – the biggest

• Your desk is bigger than mine.
• You have the biggest desk in the whole office.

4. boring – more boring – the most boring

• The film was a bit more boring than I thought it would be.
• That film was the most boring thing I’ve seen for ages!

5. cheap – cheaper – the cheapest

• Your car was cheaper than mine by about two grand (£2,000).
• Our package deal to Spain was by far the cheapest holiday I’ve ever been on!

6. clever – cleverer – cleverest

• I was cleverer when I was younger.
• Sarah is the cleverest student in our year.

7. cute – cuter – the cutest

• Your new dog is cuter than your old one.
• That is the cutest dog I’ve ever seen!

8. clean – cleaner – the cleanest

• The house is looking a lot cleaner than it was this morning.
• The house is the cleanest it has ever been.

9. comfort – more comfortable – the most comfortable

• I would be more comfortable wearing jeans.
• These are my most comfortable trousers.

10. dirty – dirtier – the dirtiest

• That seat looks a bit dirtier than this one.
• After our walk, my little brother had the dirtiest pair of shoes.

11. expensive – more expensive – the most expensive

• It’s more expensive to go to France in the summer (than in the winter).
• Switzerland is the most expensive country in Europe.

12. far – further – the furthest (irregular)

• From London, Liverpool is further than Oxford.
• Leeds is one of the furthest big cities from London (in England).

13. fast – faster – the fastest

• It’s faster to use the self-service checkout at the supermarket.
• That was the fastest journey I’ve ever been on.

14. fat – fatter – the fattest

• She was fatter when she was younger, but she’s lost weight recently.
• She used to be the fattest girl at school.

15. funny – funnier – the funniest

• Dave is funnier when he’s drunk!
• Apparently, Americans are some the funniest people in the world.

16. good – better – the best (irregular)

• Baan Thai has got better reviews than the other restaurants in the area.
• It has by far the best reviews we’ve read so far.

17. happy – happier – the happiest

• I’m always happier in the summer.
• John is the happiest I’ve seen him in years.

18. hard-working – more hard-working – the most hard-working

• Michael is more hard-working than Harry.
• He’s the most hard-working student I’ve ever taught.

19. healthy – healthier – the healthiest

• It is healthier to eat vegetables than meat.
• The Mediterranean diet is the healthiest in the world.

20. high – higher – the highest

• The Himalayas is a higher mountain range than The Alps.
• Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

21. interesting – more interesting – the most interesting

• I found the book more interesting than the film.
• It was the most interesting film we’d seen this year.

22. little – less – the least (irregular)

• I did less work than Hannah this term.
• Simon has done the least work in the whole team, but has got all the credit!

23. long – longer – the longest

• The Nile is longer than the River Thames.
• The Amazon is the longest river in the world.

24. loud – louder – the loudest

• You should give the speech because your voice is louder than mine.
• Jane has the loudest voice I’ve ever heard!

25. nice – nicer – the nicest

• The pasta is nicer than the pizza in this restaurant.
• The Margherita is the nicest pizza on the menu.

26. old – older – the oldest

• As a nation, Italy is older than America.
• Damascus is thought to be the oldest city in the world.

27. poor – poorer – the poorest

• Financially speaking, Greece is poorer than Sweden.
• Ukraine is one of the poorest countries in Europe.

28. popular – more popular – the most popular

• Spain is a more popular holiday destination for Brits than Croatia.
• Mauritius is one of the most popular honeymoon destinations.

29. pretty – prettier – the prettiest

• That dress is prettier than the other one you tried on.
• I think this is the prettiest dress in the shop.

30. rich – richer – the richest

• If you hadn’t wasted your money on fancy cars, then you’d be richer now.
• Bill Gates is the second richest person in the world.

31. slow – slower – the slowest

• The bus is slower than the train.
• Walking would be the slowest option.

32. small – smaller – the smallest

• Peru is smaller than Brazil.
• Out of Peru, Panama and Brazil, Peru is by far the smallest country.

33. tall – taller – the tallest

• The Empire State Building is taller than the Shard.
• The Burj Khalifa is the tallest building in the world.

34. ugly – uglier – the ugliest

• That hat is uglier than anything else in your wardrobe!
• Julie bought the ugliest bag in the shop!

35. young – younger – the youngest

• I don’t have any cousins who are younger than me.
• I am the youngest member of my family.

--> Gör så många övningar du hinner på lektionstid.

Här finns en lista med många adjektiv om du behöver -> https://www.curso-ingles.com/en/resources/cheat-sheets/adjectives/list-of-comparatives-and-superlatives

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

TÄNK PÅ DESSA 4 REGLER:

Rule #1 – one-syllable adjectives, add -est to the end (superlative).

Rule #2 – If the adjective ends in –y, add -iest.

Rule #3 – Use 'the most' for long adjectives with two or more syllables.

Rule #4 – Irregular forms (not a rule - but something you will find).

1. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/adjectives-1/index.html
2. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/adjectives-2/index.html
3. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/adjectives-3/index.html
4. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/comparison_adjectives_easy.htm
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison.htm
6. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison2.htm
7. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison3.htm
8. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives1/index.php
9. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives2/index.php
10. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives3/index.php
11. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/comparative_sentences.htm
12. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/comparative_sentences_2.htm
13. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjectives_comparison_sentences.htm
14. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjectives_comparison_sentences2.htm
15. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison4.htm
16. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/order.htm
17. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/express.htm

Pronouns

Pronouns (pronomen)

Pronouns are words like I, you, mine, yours, this, all, every and who.

You can use them in two different ways:

1. Instead of repeating a noun, a name or a group of nouns.

• Sally is talking to her brother.

• She is talking to her brother.

• Sally is talking to him.

2. To add something to a noun or a group of nouns.

• The convertible is his car.

• All the pupils in form 7b did their homework.

• This bag belongs to Marc.

Different kinds of pronouns

IMPORTANT:

Personal pronuns and possessive pronouns

(personliga och possessiva pronomen)

Subjektet (subject) är den som utför handlingen i en mening.

Objekten är den som utsätts för handlingen.

___________________________________________________________

TO KNOW ABOUT:

Demonstrative pronouns (demonstrativa pronomen)

this, that, these, those

Indefinite pronouns (obestämda pronomen)

all, each, every, much, many, a lot of, lots of, some, any, few, a few, little, no, none

Reflexive pronouns (reflexiva pronomen)

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Reciprocal pronouns (reciproka pronomen)

each other, one another

Relative pronouns (relativa pronomen)

who, which, whose, whom, that

Interrogative pronouns (frågepronomen)

who, whom, what, which, whose

___________________________________________________________

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

1. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/subject-object-possessive
2. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/i-me-my-mine
3. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/i-me-my-mine-write
4. https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/pronouns/we-us-our-ours
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns.htm
6. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns2.htm
7. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns7.htm
8. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns9.htm
9. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns4.htm
10. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns5.htm
11. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/possessive_pronouns.htm
12. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/mix_3.htm
13. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns.htm

Om du blir snabbt klar med ovanstående övningar så loggar du in på READTHEORY och lästränar.

Verbs

Verbs

Verbs are words that express something you do, feel or experience, e.g. jump, think, smell.

You can tell that it is a verb by putting to in front of the infinitive: to jump (att hoppa).

Different forms

In English, a verb has different forms. They are mostly used to form different tenses (tempus).

1. The basic form is the infinitive (infinitiv), often together with the word to: to talk, to swim, to go.

2. the simple present (presens): (I) talk, (you) talk, (he) talks, (she) talks, (we) talk...

3. the ing-form, (presens particip): talking, swimming, going

4. the simple past (preteritum): talked, went

5. the past participle (perfekt particip), the third form of the three principal parts (temaformer): talked, gone

Regular verbs

Infinitive (1) - simple past (4) - past participle (5)

(to...) (yesterday I....) (I have....)

• ask - asked - asked
• live - lived - lived
• play - played - played
• jump - jumped - jumped

Irregular verbs

Infinitive - simple past - past participle

• eat - ate - eaten
• go - went - gone
• swim - swam - swum

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på CHECK när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

ALLA 16 ÖVNINGAR NEDAN ÄR OBLIGATORISKA ATT GÖRA OCH LÄMNA IN.

-> Obs, använd gärna listan längst ner om du behöver söka upp verben!

1. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/fill_in.htm
2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/fill_in2.htm
3. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/fill_in3.htm
4. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/fill_in4.htm
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/fill_in5.htm
6. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/fill_in6.htm
7. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/mix.htm
8. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/mix2.htm
9. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/mix3.htm
10. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/mix4.htm
11. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/verbs1/index.php
12. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/verbs2/index.php
13. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/verbs3/index.php
14. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/forms.htm
15. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/forms2.htm
16. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/forms3.htm

List of irregular verbs.pdf

Inför provet:

Denna lista med de 50 vanligaste oregelbundna verben BÖR ni lära er (kan komma på provet).

50 most common irregular verbs.docx

Adverbs

Adverbs

Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs..

Adverbs can play different roles in a sentence.

• Describes a verb: Lola sings nicely.
• Describes an adjective: Lola is a very good singer.
• Describes an adverb: Lola sings very well.

Please note!

In English, you always use an adverb to describe how something is done:

She drives carefully. (carefully = adverb)

In Swedish, you often add a -t to the adjective. Hon kör försiktigt.

The most important kinds of adverbs are:

1. adverbs of manner: slowly, carefully, fast (sättsadverbial)
2. adverbs of place: here, there, at school (rumsadverbial)
3. adverbs of time: now, then, after lunch (tidsadverbial)
4. adverbs of frequency: always, never, often (gradadverbial)
5. adverbs of degree: very, much, hardly (måttsadverbial)
6. sentence adverbs: unfortunately, obviously (satsadverbial)

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

ALLA ÖVNINGAR ÄR OBLIGATORISKA (förutom bonusövningarna).

1. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverb_comparison.htm
2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency_order.htm
3. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency_order_2.htm
4. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverb_form.htm
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverb_position.htm
6. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency.htm
7. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency1.htm

Bonus (blandade övningar)

• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/parts_of_speech.htm
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/word_formation/parts_of_speech.htm

Prepositions

Prepositions

There are simple prepositions (one word) like at, on or since, and complex prepositions (two or three words) like into or in front of.

The most important functions of prepositions are indications of place, direction and time.

Prepositions in English are highly idiomatic. Although there are some rules for usage, much preposition usage is dictated by fixed expressions. In these cases, it is best to memorize the phrase instead of the individual preposition.

Prepositions of place: above, at, behind, in, in front of, on, under, ...

To refer to a place, use the prepositions "in" (the point itself), "at" (the general vicinity), "on" (the surface), and "inside" (something contained).

• They will meet in the lunchroom.
• She was waiting at the corner.
• The bird flew over the house.
• The plates were on the shelf above the cups.
• Basements are dug below ground.
• There is hard wood beneath the carpet.
• The squirrel hid the nuts under a pile of leaves.
• The cat is hiding underneath the box.

Prepositions of direction: across, down, onto, through, to, towards, up, ...

To refer to a direction, use the prepositions "to," "in," "into," "on," and "onto."

• She drove to the store.
• Don’t ring the doorbell. Come right in(to) the house.
• Drive on(to) the grass and park the car there.

Prepositions of time: at, before, during, for, in, on, since, ...

To refer to one point in time, use the prepositions "in," "at," and "on."

• He reads in the evening.
• The weather is cold in December.
• I go to work at 8:00.
• He eats lunch at noon.

Unnecessary Prepositions

If the preposition is unnecessary, leave it out. This creates more clear and concise writing.

Example: Where are the plates at?

Revision: Where are the plates?

Example: She jumped off of the balance beam.

Revision: She jumped off the balance beam.

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

1. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_at_in_on_time.htm
2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_time.htm
3. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_place_time.htm
4. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/gerund_prepositions.htm
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/prepositions/index.php
6. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_verbs.htm
7. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_mix.htm
8. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_mix2.htm
9. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/prepositions_sentences.htm

BONUS grammar exercises / mixed grammar:

Gör dessa om du hinner på lektionstid:

1. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/exams/grammar_vocabulary.htm
2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/exams/grammar_vocabulary2.htm
3. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/exams/grammar_vocabulary3.htm
4. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/exams/grammar_vocabulary4.htm
5. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/exams/grammar_vocabulary5.htm
6. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/exams/grammar_vocabulary6.htm

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that connect other words in a sentence.

___________________________________________________

Textbindning

Ett mycket vanligt skrivfel hos nybörjare är att de inte binder ihop texten, och alltså inte får något flyt i den. Titta på följande exempel:

Kent har inga pengar. Han har inget godis. Han skulle vara gladare om han hade det. Han ordnar pengar. Han går och köper godis.

Textsnutten består i stort sett bara av meningar med likadan uppbyggnad, vilket innebär att den blir svårläst och hackig, och dessutom ger ett tråkigt intryck. Med hjälp av några sammanbindande ord eller så kallade bindeord och uttryck kan vi förändra texten dramatiskt:

Kent har inga pengar och inget godis, men han skulle vara gladare om han hade det, så därför ordnar han pengar och går och köper godis.

Som du märker blir det betydligt enklare att läsa. Texten får helt enkelt ett flyt. Nu går det här naturligtvis inte ut på att bygga ihop allting till EN enda lång mening. Lagom är bäst.

___________________________________________________

There are 3 groups of conjunctions

> Coordinating conjunctions (only this one will be on the test).

> Correlative conjunctions

> Subordinating conjunctions

1. Coordinating conjunctions

Conjunctions (coordinating) can connect:

• Two subjects
• Two sentences

Example two subjects:

Gulls and puffins are sea birds

The most common coordinating conjunctions are;

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

You can remember them by using the mnemonic device FANBOYS.

• I’d like pizza or a salad for lunch.
• We needed a place to concentrate, so we packed up our things and went to the library.
• Jessie didn’t have much money, but she got by.

Notice the use of the comma when a coordinating conjunction is joining two independent clauses.

2. Correlative conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also.

• Not only am I finished studying for English, but I’m also finished writing my history essay.
• I am finished with both my English essay and my history essay.
• I will either go for a hike or stay home and watch TV.
• Jerry is neither rich nor famous.
• He is not only intelligent, but also very funny.
• Would you rather go shopping or spend the day at the beach?

3. Subordinating conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions join independent and dependent clauses.

Common subordinating conjunctions are because, since, as, although, though, while, and whereas. Sometimes an adverb, such as until, after, or before can function as a conjunction.

• I can stay out until the clock strikes twelve.

List of subordinating conjunctions.

after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, by the time, even if, even though, if, in order that, in case, in the event that, lest , now that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so, supposing, that, than, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether or not, while

--> Gör följande övningar.

Fyll i dina svar, klicka på FINISH när du är klar. Ta en bild av ditt resultat och ladda upp dina bilder här i denna uppgift!

A/ Complete with and, but, or, so, because. (skriv hela meningen i ditt svar).

1. We aren´t going to the park ...... it´s raining.

2. I don´t have any money, ...... I´ll go to the bank.

3. She doesn´t like vegetables ...... fish.

4. I need milk, butter ...... bread.

5. There´s snow on the street ...... it´s not too cold.

6. She studies a lot ...... she never passes the exams.

7. You´ve got an exam tomorrow, ...... you must study tonight.

8. I don´t go to the cinema ...... I haven´t got any money

B/ Put the words in order. (skriv hela meningen i ditt svar).

1. accident / an / she´s / in / because / hospital / she / had.

2. but / they / many / work / don´t / hours / they / have / money / much.

3. asked / Paul / me / question, / a / replied / I / so.

4. buy / I / peppers / potatoes. / and / tomatoes

C/

Gör denna och ta en bild av ditt resultat.

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/conjunctions-connectors/test-1

Gör denna och ta en bild av ditt resultat (högst upp).

https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/subcon1

D/

Följ länken och läs denna text om konjunktioner.

https://svenskaengelska.se/konjunktioner.html

Interjections

Standalone interjections

--- Interjektioner delas in i fem grupper; hälsningsord, svarsord, ljudhärmande ord, utropsord och svordomar ---

Because interjections usually express sudden feelings, you’ll often see them used to convey surprise (both good surprises and bad ones) or excitement.

• Yikes! There’s a snake in the garage!
• You planned this party just for me? Wow!
• Ouch! That wasp just stung me!
• Yahoo!
• Oops.
• Terrific! Jordan will send you the contract this afternoon.

It’s possible to use an interjection within a sentence. You can put the interjection inside parentheses or set it off with commas.

• I may not succeed, but, hey, at least I tried.
• The project was delayed because the logistics team made a few (ahem) miscalculations.
• It will take only thirty minutes (Wow!) to reach the city on the new train.

When to use interjections

Interjections are fine to use in casual and informal writing. It’s okay to use them in speech, too. But avoid using interjections in formal writing because it may appear that you’re not treating the topic seriously.

• Aha! I caught you red-handed.
• Bravo, you were amazing!
• Eek! My assignment is due today.
• Gee, that looks great!
• Hurray! It’s the weekend!
• Oh no, the library is closed.
• Phew! I made the deadline.
• Rats! I lost my wallet.
• Shoo! Get out!

Let’s look at how your choice of punctuation can alter the meaning of the same word within a very similar context:

• I got an A in my test. Really! — To express extreme surprise
• Really. I got an A in my test. — To express confirmation
• You got an A in your test? Really? — To express skepticism
• You’re skipping class again? Really? — To express disappointment

Examples used by popular characters:

• “Cowabunga, dude!” — Michelangelo, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
• “Zoinks!” — Shaggy, Scooby Doo
• “Cowabunga!” — Bart Simpson, The Simpsons
• “Holy Smokes, Batman!” — Robin, Batman and Robin
• “Aaay!” — Fonzie, Happy Days
• “Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio.” — Hamlet, Hamlet
• “Bazinga!” — Sheldon Cooper, The Big Bang Theory
• “D’oh!” — Homer Simpson, The Simpsons
• “Dude.” — Hurley, Lost
• “Nanu, nanu!” — Mork, Mork and Mindy
• “Yabba dabba doo!” — Fred Flintstone, The Flintstones

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